Who is Gregor Mendel?
Gregor Mendel is an Austrian monk who was born in 1822. After becoming a priest, he studied science and mathematics. Later he began to work and teach at a high school where he was in charge of the monastery garden. In the garden, he worked on ordinary garden peas. All the peas were true-breeding which means that if they self pollinated, the offspring would look exactly the same as the parent. He had green and yellow peas that produced tall or short plants.
What did he discover?
The Principle of Dominance
Mendel decided to start an experiment. He pollinated one tall plant to one short plant only to find that all the offspring are tall. He wondered what happened to the short trait and so he decided to pollinated all the 1st generation together. When the second generation grew, there was one that was short!So he discovered that there are different forms of genes(alleles) And he also discovered the principle of dominance which states that some alleles are dominant while others are recessive. The dominant trait will always express but the recessive can only express itself if there is no dominant alleles.Relationship to the Principle of Probability
Whenever Mendel crossed two pea plants, he would record it. He realized everytime he crossed two hybrid(born form one tal and one short :Tt) for stem hieght, about 3/4 of the offspring would be short. Mendel realized that this is related to the principle of probabilty. The probabilty of a short offspring of two purebreed tall plants would be 0% because in puire breeds there are no short allels so there is no way that they will randomly produce a short plant. Same goes for tow short purebreeds.The Principle of Independent